Donald Menzel

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Donald Menzel
Portrait provided by Donald Menzel's daughter, Elizabeth Menzel Davis, photograph by Babette Whipple
Portrait provided by Donald Menzel's daughter, Elizabeth Menzel Davis, photograph by Babette Whipple Photo: The original uploader was Fdavis99 at English Wikipedia . · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons
TypePerson
Also known asDonald H. Menzel, Donald Howard Menzel

Donald Howard Menzel (11 April 1901 – 14 December 1976) was an American astronomer and astrophysicist who directed the Harvard College Observatory and was the most prominent scientific skeptic of UFOs in the 1950s and 1960s.[1]

Scientific career

This planetary nebula is called PK 329-02.2 and is located in the constellation of Norma in the southern sky. It is also sometimes referred to as…
This planetary nebula is called PK 329-02.2 and is located in the constellation of Norma in the southern sky. It is also sometimes referred to as… Photo: ESA/Hubble & NASA Acknowledgement: Serge Meunier · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

Menzel worked on the Sun's chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars and gaseous nebulae. He spent most of his career at Harvard, becoming acting director of the Harvard College Observatory in 1952 and director from 1954 to 1966.[1]

Second World War

This is a montage of planetary images taken by spacecraft managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA. Included are (from top to bottom)…
This is a montage of planetary images taken by spacecraft managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA. Included are (from top to bottom)… Photo: NASA/JPL · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

During the war Menzel was commissioned as a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy. He headed an intelligence division whose work included breaking enemy codes, and he also worked with the Navy on how radio waves travel.[1]

UFO skepticism

President Harry S. Truman is shown at his desk at the White House signing a proclamation declaring a national emergency
President Harry S. Truman is shown at his desk at the White House signing a proclamation declaring a national emergency Photo: Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

Menzel wrote three books arguing that UFO reports had ordinary explanations: Flying Saucers (1953), The World of Flying Saucers (1963, with Lyle G. Boyd) and The UFO Enigma (1977, with Ernest H. Taves, published after his death). He argued that haze and temperature inversions could make stars and planets appear to move or change colour, and said that a "flying saucer" he himself saw in 1955 was a mirage of the star Sirius. In 1968 he told the House Committee on Science and Astronautics that all UFO sightings have natural explanations.[1]

Majestic 12

Majestic 12 In 1988, two FBI offices received similar versions of a memo titled “Operation Majestic-12…” claiming to be highly classified government…
Majestic 12 In 1988, two FBI offices received similar versions of a memo titled “Operation Majestic-12…” claiming to be highly classified government… Photo: Federal Bureau of Investigation · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

In the 1980s, the disputed "Majestic 12" documents listed Menzel among twelve "designated members" of a supposed secret group set up to study a crashed saucer. The documents are widely regarded as fakes.[2]

References

This page was last edited on 31 October 2026. Articles are written in our own words from the sources listed under References; disputed claims are attributed to the people who made them.

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