Groom Range land withdrawal (1984)

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Contents 9
Groom Range land withdrawal (1984)
65 F.R. 52823 1995 Presidential Determination on Classified Information Concerning the Air Force's Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada (Bill…
65 F.R. 52823 1995 Presidential Determination on Classified Information Concerning the Air Force's Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada (Bill… Photo: Bill Clinton · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons
Date7 August 1984
TopicsSecrecy & cover-up (topic), Government programs (topic), Congress & law (topic)
TestimonyShellenberger testimony, p. 97
Year1984 in UFO history
Timeline1984 on the UAP Timeline
Sources10

In 1984 the U.S. Air Force closed off the Groom Range, high ground in Nevada from which the public could see the secret test site at Groom Lake, known as Area 51. At a House hearing in August 1984 an Air Force official admitted that the closure had no legal basis, and Congress later formally withdrew the land for military use.[1][2]

Background

Soviet MiG-17F in USAF use
Soviet MiG-17F in USAF use Photo: United States Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

The base at Groom Lake was established in 1955 for the U-2 spy plane, and in June 1958 about 38,400 acres around it were withdrawn from public access and designated "Area 51", an addition to the Nevada Test Site. Restricted airspace over it was progressively expanded. The base was later used for the A-12, the F-117 and other classified aircraft.[2][3]

The seizure

An A-12 (60-6924) takes off from Groom Lake during one of the first test flights, piloted by Louis Schalk. Lockheed Martin dates this image (mouse…
An A-12 (60-6924) takes off from Groom Lake during one of the first test flights, piloted by Louis Schalk. Lockheed Martin dates this image (mouse… Photo: Unknown, credited to CIA/Roadrunners Internationale · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

In early 1984 the Air Force began restricting public access to about 89,000 acres of public land in the Groom Range, posting guards on the roads.[1]

The hearing

Watertown ("The Ranch") in Area 51 with U-2 flight line and trailer park (ca 1957)
Watertown ("The Ranch") in Area 51 with U-2 flight line and trailer park (ca 1957) Photo: Central Intelligence Agency (see "The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead… · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

At a hearing of the House Interior subcommittee on public lands in August 1984, its chairman, Representative John Seiberling of Ohio, asked Air Force representative John Rittenhouse whether the Air Force had already restricted public use of the area. Rittenhouse said it had, asserting a right to control access by posting people on the roads and asking for cooperation. Asked under what legal authority, he said that as far as he knew there was none, except that decisions had been made at a much higher level than his. The exchange, including the official's reluctance to discuss details in open session, became part of Area 51's legend.[1]

Withdrawal

The main gate of Area 51, the United States Air Force Nellis Testing Range in Lincoln County, Nevada.
The main gate of Area 51, the United States Air Force Nellis Testing Range in Lincoln County, Nevada. Photo: David James Henry · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

Congress subsequently withdrew the Groom Range land for military use, legalising the closure, and Seiberling's subcommittee held further hearings on military land withdrawals in March 1986. A later statute dealt with the Groom Mountain addition by reference to a map dated September 1984.[1][4]

Afterwards

A US Air Force (USAF) F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighter aircraft flies over Nellis Air Force Base (AFB), Nevada (NV), during the joint service…
A US Air Force (USAF) F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighter aircraft flies over Nellis Air Force Base (AFB), Nevada (NV), during the joint service… Photo: Staff Sgt. Aaron Allmon II · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

The existence of the base was not officially acknowledged until 2013, when the CIA released a history of the U-2 program. The closure pushed public viewing to more distant peaks, which in turn were withdrawn in the 1990s.[3]

People and topics

Soviet MiG-21 in USAF use
Soviet MiG-21 in USAF use Photo: United States Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons
  • U.S. Air Force — The U.S. military service that ran the official UFO projects from 1947 to 1969.
  • Area 51 — The secret Nevada test site where spy planes and stealth aircraft were developed.
  • Central Intelligence Agency — The U.S. foreign intelligence agency, which has followed UFO reports since the 1940s.

On the Timeline

Illustration of a military base at night
Illustration: a military base at night. An artist's impression drawn for this site, not a photograph of the event.

See every 1984 event on the UAP Timeline →

References

Further reading

This page was last edited on 29 October 2026. Articles are written in our own words from the sources listed under References; disputed claims are attributed to the people who made them.

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