Los Alamos National Laboratory

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Los Alamos National Laboratory
Portrait of Dr. Charles McMillan, director of Los Alamos National Laboratory
Portrait of Dr. Charles McMillan, director of Los Alamos National Laboratory Photo: Los Alamos National Laboratory · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons
TypePlace
Also known asLos Alamos
On the Timeline12 events, 1951–2022

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a U.S. Department of Energy research laboratory in northern New Mexico, founded in 1943 as the secret Manhattan Project site where the first atomic bombs were designed. In 1948–1949 it was at the centre of reports of mysterious "green fireballs" over New Mexico, which led to scientific conferences and to the Air Force's Project Twinkle.[1][2]

Manhattan Project

Los Alamos Tech Area with names of buildings
Los Alamos Tech Area with names of buildings Photo: Los Alamos National Laboratory · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

The laboratory began as Project Y, under physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, to design and build nuclear weapons. Its scientists assembled the device for the Trinity test near Alamogordo on 16 July 1945 and the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.[1]

Cold War

Edward Teller , in 1958, as Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Note that the picture at his top left is of the UC Radiation…
Edward Teller , in 1958, as Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Note that the picture at his top left is of the UC Radiation… Photo: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, restored by w:User:Greg L , Papa Lima Whiskey · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

In 1947 it became the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, with Norris Bradbury as director. Its physicists, including Edward Teller and Stanisław Ulam, helped develop the first thermonuclear weapons, and in 1952 the rival Lawrence Livermore laboratory was founded. Since the end of the Cold War much of its work has focused on maintaining the nuclear stockpile without testing.[1]

Management

The main entrance to Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus. Self made photo.
The main entrance to Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus. Self made photo. Photo: Analogue Kid at English Wikipedia · CC BY 2.5 · via Wikimedia Commons

The University of California ran the laboratory from 1943 to 2006, followed by Los Alamos National Security LLC and, since 1 November 2018, Triad National Security, a partnership of Battelle, the University of California and Texas A&M University. It has a budget of about $4.9 billion and more than 13,000 employees on some 9,000 hectares (22,200 acres).[1]

Green fireballs

Illustration of glowing orbs in the sky
Illustration: glowing orbs in the sky. An artist's impression drawn for this site, not a photograph of the event.

From December 1948 pilots, scientists and security staff reported bright green fireballs over northern New Mexico, near sensitive sites including Los Alamos. University of New Mexico meteor expert Lincoln LaPaz argued that they were not ordinary meteors. A conference at Los Alamos in February 1949, attended by scientists including physicist Joseph Kaplan, could not identify them, and a further conference there on 14 October 1949 called for systematic photography and measurement. This led to Project Twinkle, which ran camera stations in 1950–1951 but recorded nothing conclusive.[2][3]

On the UAP Timeline

Sandia National Laboratories: Peacekeeper, Minuteman I and Minuteman III ICBMs on display near F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., Gate 1 Feb. 11, 2011. (U.S. Air Force…
Sandia National Laboratories: Peacekeeper, Minuteman I and Minuteman III ICBMs on display near F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., Gate 1 Feb. 11, 2011. (U.S. Air Force… Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by R.J. Oriez · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

References

This page was last edited on 29 October 2026. Articles are written in our own words from the sources listed under References; disputed claims are attributed to the people who made them.

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